1965 was a watershed year for Pakistan. In it, a highly charged election was contested, in which Ayub Khan won office but lost his reputation and legitimacy in most of the country’s eyes. Then the war of 1965 tested the established military doctrines, which we found wanting.
Aside from geography, there were important differences between East and West Pakistan related to culture, climate, economy, and security requirements. These differences between the two wings were a major cause of deadlock  in the constitution-making process of the new state and eventually led to the First Martial Law.
Iqbal, Pakistan’s supposed ideologue, rejected language, race, or land as a basis for nationhood and advocated Islam as the primary basis for the yet-to-be-born Pakistan.
To understand the role of Bengal in the history of India and Pakistan in general and in the independence movement in particular, it has to be understood that Bengal’s role has been greatly influenced by its unique geography, demography, cultural shifts, and history.
The buildup to the FIFA World Cup 2022 and the contentious discussions over whether or not Qatar was eligible to host the event has only exposed in stark detail what can best be characterized as western hypocrisy.
Winter has arrived and health experts are warning that a new surge of COVID-19 infection is looming, particularly in the United States and Europe, where COVID-19 cases are already high enough.
The controversy over the domestic release of the Pakistani film ‘Joyland’ brings to the fore the larger debate on mainstreaming LGBTQ discourse under the garb of artistic liberties and their compliance or lack thereof in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
![Afghan refugees arrive at the Torkham border crossing in Pakistan to cross over into Afghanistan on November 2, 2023 [Image via Al Jazeera]](https://southasiatimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Afghan-refugees-arriving-at-the-Torkham-Border-crossing-1699011483.webp "Afghan Refugee")
Every day hundreds and thousands of people cross the borders in pursuit of better economic opportunities and living conditions, perhaps sometimes only for the sake of survival. However, the level of brutality that they have to go through is insane. Such is the case of Afghan refugee.
Can a No ball decision in a cricket match awaken the Pakistani Nation to the sinister relationship between power and justice?
From secularism to systemic persecution of religious minorities, from proscribing international condemnation to unilaterally and forcefully imposing decisions over bilateral territorial disputes; India is essentially paradoxical in dodging global indicators as well as in its very fabric.