
The Limits of Dehyphenation: How the Gulf Rebalances Ties with India and Pakistan
Explore how the 2025 Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA) signals a return to “organized ambiguity” in the Gulf, challenging India’s diplomatic assumptions and reshaping South Asian geopolitics.


![US Embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, amid heightened regional tensions following the Iran crisis. [Image via AFP]. US Embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, amid heightened regional tensions following the Iran crisis. [Image via AFP].](https://southasiatimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/image-3-3-scaled-1.webp)





