Elections and War in 1965

1965 was a watershed year for Pakistan. In it, a highly charged election was contested, in which Ayub Khan won office but lost his reputation and legitimacy in most of the country’s eyes. Then the war of 1965 tested the established military doctrines, which we found wanting.
Language Agitation in East Bengal

Iqbal, Pakistan’s supposed ideologue, rejected language, race, or land as a basis for nationhood and advocated Islam as the primary basis for the yet-to-be-born Pakistan.
Role of Muslim Bengal in the Pakistan Independence Movement

To understand the role of Bengal in the history of India and Pakistan in general and in the independence movement in particular, it has to be understood that Bengal’s role has been greatly influenced by its unique geography, demography, cultural shifts, and history.
Pakistan Embassy Attack Kabul: A Perspective

If the attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul is any indication, there is no other option for the leadership in the two countries than to adopt a people-centric approach to prevent the region\’s descent into chaos.
The HIV Epidemic: Pakistan in Review

In view of the worrisome number of new cases of HIV in Pakistan this year and outbreaks that have been previously reported in Pakistan, there is an increased likelihood that HIV may continue to spread if appropriate preventive measures are not executed successfully.
Counterterrorism and Terrorism: On India

As India takes the lead in hosting multiple global conventions on counterterrorism within a short span, using them for political mileage, it becomes necessary to call its credentials into question.
Joyland: A Gender Rebellions
The controversy over the domestic release of the Pakistani film ‘Joyland’ brings to the fore the larger debate on mainstreaming LGBTQ discourse under the garb of artistic liberties and their compliance or lack thereof in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Friendship Gate and Fiery Exchanges: Of Pak-Afghan Border

The attack from Afghanistan on Pakistani soldiers at the Spin Boldak-Chaman border and the confession video of the assailant doing rounds on social media raises questions about the Taliban\’s role— or lack thereof.
Poetry of Allama Iqbal: The Eternal Flame

The poetry of Allama Iqbal evokes parallels between the ordeals of the past and the anxieties of the present. As Muslims in the region, particularly in Pakistan, reawaken hopes for the future, it is perhaps wise to seek inspiration from where their ancestors first discovered it.
Afghan Refugee: Do We Ever Belong?
![Afghan refugees arrive at the Torkham border crossing in Pakistan to cross over into Afghanistan on November 2, 2023 [Image via Al Jazeera]](https://southasiatimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Afghan-refugees-arriving-at-the-Torkham-Border-crossing-1699011483-1024x675.webp)
Every day hundreds and thousands of people cross the borders in pursuit of better economic opportunities and living conditions, perhaps sometimes only for the sake of survival. However, the level of brutality that they have to go through is insane. Such is the case of Afghan refugee.