Defence & Strategy

Pakistan’s Defence Modernization: Between Sovereignty and Strategic Synergy

Sultan Mehmood Hali September 20, 2025

Pakistan’s defence modernization reflects a shift from dependence on foreign suppliers to indigenous innovation, marked by platforms like the JF-17 Thunder, Al-Khalid tank, and indigenous UAVs. While partnerships with China and Turkey remain vital, the future hinges on balancing sovereignty, economic constraints, and strategic sustainability. The challenge is not only to build power but to wield it wisely.

Bagram: The Empire’s Airfield

SAT Editorial Desk September 19, 2025

Bagram Airbase was the nerve center of America’s two-decade war in Afghanistan and a unique strategic vantage point at the crossroads of South, Central, and West Asia. Its loss created a void in US power projection that over-the-horizon operations cannot fill.

Institutionalizing Collective Defense: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the Region’s Future

SAT Editorial Desk September 18, 2025

The Pakistan-Saudi Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement marks a historic shift from informal cooperation to a binding security alliance. Anchored in collective defense and deterrence, the pact reshapes Gulf security, challenges reliance on Western guarantees, and positions Islamabad as a formal net security provider in the region.

From 1965 Battlefields to Hybrid Frontlines: Pakistan’s Enduring Test

Faiqa Khanam September 1, 2025

Explore how Pakistan’s 1965 war legacy connects to today’s hybrid warfare—disinformation, proxies, and economic pressure reshaping national defense.

India’s Agni-5 ICBM Test: Global Ambitions and Regional Instability

SAT Editorial Desk August 21, 2025

India’s successful Agni-5 ICBM test marks a decisive move beyond regional deterrence toward global strategic ambitions. With MIRV capabilities and extended range, the launch signals a shift in India’s nuclear posture, intensifying South Asia’s security dilemma and risking a destabilizing arms race.