India’s Coercive Foreign Policy in 2025

India’s Coercive Foreign Policy in 2025 By Farwa Imtiaz

India’s foreign policy in 2025 marks a clear break from its earlier soft-power orientation, shifting toward overt coercion and interference. Once seen as a restrained global actor, India now increasingly relies on hard power, diplomatic pressure, and transnational repression to shape external outcomes. Through cases in Canada, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Türkiye, this article shows how India has adopted a more assertive—and often destabilizing—approach to protect its expanding ambitions, using tools ranging from foreign interference to military escalation and economic coercion.

Economic Engagement or Ethical Dilemma? Canada-India Relations and the Nijjar Case

Economic Engagement or Ethical Dilemma? Canada-India Relations and the Nijjar Case

Canada’s renewed trade outreach to India comes at a moment of deep diplomatic strain. As Minister Maninder Sidhu seeks to revive economic cooperation, the unresolved assassination of Sikh activist Hardeep Singh Nijjar, and allegations implicating senior Indian officials, cast a long shadow. The controversy raises critical questions about whether Ottawa can balance economic ambitions with justice, accountability, and the protection of Canadian sovereignty.