Drug Abuse: A Growing Concern in Pakistan

Drug abuse is an escalating global issue that affects individuals, families, and communities regardless of their background. In Pakistan, this problem is becoming increasingly alarming, but it remains underexplored due to widespread under-reporting. Recently, Pakistan’s Law Enforcement Agencies have embarked on a vigorous anti-drug campaign, resulting in substantial drug seizures and numerous arrests. Since September 2023, these operations have led to the confiscation of 1,043 metric tons of various drugs and the arrest of 1,612 suspected drug dealers.

Clearly, the growing epidemic of drug abuse in Pakistan demands a coordinated and comprehensive response from the government, civil society, and individuals.

Drug Smuggling and Exploitation of Trade Routes

Transitioning to the issue of drug smuggling, Pakistan’s geographical location makes it a prime target for drug traffickers. Situated near Afghanistan—a major global narcotics hub—Pakistan is particularly vulnerable. Despite the Taliban’s efforts to curb poppy cultivation in April 2022, drug trafficking remains a persistent issue. Poppy production is deeply embedded in Afghanistan’s rural economy, and both Iran and Pakistan share extensive, porous borders with Afghanistan. These borders facilitate high volumes of both licit and illicit cross-border movement, with local communities often relying on smuggling for their livelihood.

The southern region of Afghanistan, where it meets Pakistan and Iran, is known as South East Asia’s Golden Triangle—a key drug trafficking corridor connecting to Asian, African, and European markets. Additionally, the Iranian route forms part of the Balkan route, extending through Turkey.

Scientific Perspective on Drug Abuse

From a scientific perspective, drug abuse impacts the brain’s reward system, releasing feel-good chemicals like dopamine and fostering dependence. Withdrawal symptoms and cravings can be intense, making it challenging for individuals to quit. Adolescence, a crucial developmental stage marked by significant physiological and behavioral changes, is particularly vulnerable. During this period, increased impulsivity and risk-taking are common, influenced by societal pressures and the quest for identity and independence.

Islamic Perspective on Drug Abuse

Turning to the Islamic perspective, Islam places a strong emphasis on maintaining both physical and mental health, considering drug abuse a serious violation of these principles. Drug abuse is unequivocally prohibited by the Quran and Hadith. The Quran states, “They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, ‘In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit'” (Quran 2:219). The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also warned, “Every intoxicant is Khamr (wine), and every intoxicant is forbidden” (Sahih Bukhari). The term “Umm Al-Khabais” (the mother of all evils) highlight the severe consequences of drug abuse, which includes harm to the body, mind, and spirit (Tafsir Ibn Kathir). The Quran considers drug abuse a form of “zulm” (oppression) against oneself (2:231). Islamic teachings are designed to maximize benefits and minimize harm, urging us to protect our families from destructive influences.

Further Instructions

In this regard, the Quran instructs: “O you who believe, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, overseen by formidable and severe angels, who never disobey whatever Allah orders—always doing as commanded.” (66:6)

The Prophet PBUH further emphasized: “Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock. The amīr (ruler) who is over the people is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock; a man is a shepherd in charge of the inhabitants of his household and he is responsible for his flock; a woman is a shepherdess in charge of her husband’s house and children and she is responsible for them; and a man’s slave is a shepherd in charge of his master’s property and he is responsible for it. So, each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock.” (Abd Dawud 2928).

Parents play a pivotal role in the Muslim community, not only in nurturing physical and emotional well-being but also in imparting Islamic values. The impact of peer pressure during adolescence cannot be ignored. As the Prophet PBUH wisely noted:

“A man follows the religion of his close friend; so, each one should consider whom he makes his close friend.” (Abd Dawud 4833)

In summary, drug abuse is a multifaceted issue requiring a comprehensive strategy that incorporates Islamic, scientific, and social perspectives. Addressing this epidemic involves not only enforcing laws and policies but also nurturing community engagement and education. By working together and supporting prevention and treatment programs, we can create a healthier, drug-free society for future generations. Let’s take action now to combat this crisis and build a brighter, safer future for all.

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own. They do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of the South Asia Times.