The Taliban’s 2021 promise of a general amnesty has collapsed into systematic arrests, disappearances, and killings—especially in Panjshir. Despite assurances of moderation, evidence from 2021–2025 shows a deliberate campaign to eliminate former officials, suppress dissent, and rule through fear, mirroring the Taliban’s historical patterns of coercion and violence.
Afghan Government Takes Measures as Kabul Struggles
The Afghan government has initiated digging trenches to capture rainwater and snowmelt on a mountain on the outskirts of Kabul. Many of those in Afghanistan who have lost their jobs from March to June, due to the coronavirus pandemic are finding employment as diggers. However, the city struggles under the weight of the water and health crises.
Lockdown measures to contain the spread of the virus have taken their toll on the country’s fragile economy. More than 40,000 workers have been rendered unemployed in Kabul alone. The government is now employing them to help rehabilitate groundwater supplies for its fast-growing capital. Laborers are being paid at approximately 300 Afghanis ($3.90) per day, to dig approximately 150,000 trenches, as well as 17 small dams and spillways, on the peripheries of Kabul’s rugged terrain.
The Kabul water project is planned to run for at least a year. Twelve billion Afghanis ($155 million) in funding, is being paid to revive Kabul’s water supplies. The city’s primary sources of ground and potable water have been over-exploited, putting the homes and livelihoods of around seven million residents at risk, experts say.
Like many of its neighboring countries, Afghanistan has also tried to fix these systemic issues by introducing a “green stimulus”. Green stimulus packages are defined as short-run fiscal stimuli that also serve a “green” or environmental purpose in a situation of “crisis” characterized by temporary under-employment. The relief package often attempts to address two pressing challenges together: keeping the economy up and running during the pandemic and dealing with the adverse effects of climate change.
In addition to the efforts to address immediate economic challenges through employment initiatives like the Kabul water project, Afghanistan and the Afghan Government faces the ongoing task of rebuilding its economy amidst the dual crises of the pandemic and environmental degradation. The success of such endeavors not only hinges on short-term relief measures but also on long-term sustainable development strategies that prioritize resilience and resource management in the face of future challenges.
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