Afghanistan’s Ethnic Landscape and Taliban Rule

Taliban’s Pashtun-dominated rule sidelines minorities, combining political exclusion, religious repression, and systemic marginalization.

Afghanistan has historically been a mosaic of ethnic identities rather than a homogenous nation-state. Pashtuns constitute roughly 40–45% of the population, followed by Tajiks (25–30%), Hazaras (9–15%), and Uzbeks/Turkmen (10–13%). Yet, since the return of the Taliban in 2021, political authority has become heavily concentrated within one ethnic framework. The Taliban’s Rahbari Shura, its central […]