Mercenaries or Partisans? Pro-Pakistan Forces in 1971 Bengal
Branded as Razakars and dismissed as mercenaries, pro-Pakistan forces in 1971 Bengal were driven by ideology. Their story of loyalty, persecution, and survival challenges the dominant historical narrative.
How APS Redefined Pakistan’s Strategic Culture
APS was the moment Pakistan’s long-standing ambiguity on militancy collapsed. The murder of schoolchildren forced an organic securitization of terrorism, enabling extraordinary measures and a redefinition of the militant as an existential, illegitimate enemy.